feat(ui-design): add comprehensive UI/UX design plugin v1.0.0

New plugin covering mobile (iOS, Android, React Native) and web
applications with modern design patterns, accessibility, and design systems.

Components:
- 9 skills: design-system-patterns, accessibility-compliance, responsive-design,
  mobile-ios-design, mobile-android-design, react-native-design,
  web-component-design, interaction-design, visual-design-foundations
- 4 commands: design-review, create-component, accessibility-audit, design-system-setup
- 3 agents: ui-designer, accessibility-expert, design-system-architect

Marketplace updated:
- Version bumped to 1.3.4
- 102 agents (+3), 116 skills (+9)
This commit is contained in:
Seth Hobson
2026-01-19 16:22:13 -05:00
parent 8be0e8ac7a
commit 1e54d186fe
47 changed files with 21163 additions and 11 deletions

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# Component Architecture Patterns
## Overview
Well-architected components are reusable, composable, and maintainable. This guide covers patterns for building flexible component APIs that scale across design systems.
## Compound Components
Compound components share implicit state through React context, allowing flexible composition.
```tsx
// Compound component pattern
import * as React from 'react';
interface AccordionContextValue {
openItems: Set<string>;
toggle: (id: string) => void;
type: 'single' | 'multiple';
}
const AccordionContext = React.createContext<AccordionContextValue | null>(null);
function useAccordionContext() {
const context = React.useContext(AccordionContext);
if (!context) {
throw new Error('Accordion components must be used within an Accordion');
}
return context;
}
// Root component
interface AccordionProps {
children: React.ReactNode;
type?: 'single' | 'multiple';
defaultOpen?: string[];
}
function Accordion({ children, type = 'single', defaultOpen = [] }: AccordionProps) {
const [openItems, setOpenItems] = React.useState<Set<string>>(
new Set(defaultOpen)
);
const toggle = React.useCallback(
(id: string) => {
setOpenItems((prev) => {
const next = new Set(prev);
if (next.has(id)) {
next.delete(id);
} else {
if (type === 'single') {
next.clear();
}
next.add(id);
}
return next;
});
},
[type]
);
return (
<AccordionContext.Provider value={{ openItems, toggle, type }}>
<div className="divide-y divide-border">{children}</div>
</AccordionContext.Provider>
);
}
// Item component
interface AccordionItemProps {
children: React.ReactNode;
id: string;
}
function AccordionItem({ children, id }: AccordionItemProps) {
return (
<AccordionItemContext.Provider value={{ id }}>
<div className="py-2">{children}</div>
</AccordionItemContext.Provider>
);
}
// Trigger component
function AccordionTrigger({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
const { toggle, openItems } = useAccordionContext();
const { id } = useAccordionItemContext();
const isOpen = openItems.has(id);
return (
<button
onClick={() => toggle(id)}
className="flex w-full items-center justify-between py-2 font-medium"
aria-expanded={isOpen}
>
{children}
<ChevronDown
className={`h-4 w-4 transition-transform ${isOpen ? 'rotate-180' : ''}`}
/>
</button>
);
}
// Content component
function AccordionContent({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
const { openItems } = useAccordionContext();
const { id } = useAccordionItemContext();
const isOpen = openItems.has(id);
if (!isOpen) return null;
return <div className="pb-4 text-muted-foreground">{children}</div>;
}
// Export compound component
export const AccordionCompound = Object.assign(Accordion, {
Item: AccordionItem,
Trigger: AccordionTrigger,
Content: AccordionContent,
});
// Usage
function Example() {
return (
<AccordionCompound type="single" defaultOpen={['item-1']}>
<AccordionCompound.Item id="item-1">
<AccordionCompound.Trigger>Is it accessible?</AccordionCompound.Trigger>
<AccordionCompound.Content>
Yes. It follows WAI-ARIA patterns.
</AccordionCompound.Content>
</AccordionCompound.Item>
<AccordionCompound.Item id="item-2">
<AccordionCompound.Trigger>Is it styled?</AccordionCompound.Trigger>
<AccordionCompound.Content>
Yes. It uses Tailwind CSS.
</AccordionCompound.Content>
</AccordionCompound.Item>
</AccordionCompound>
);
}
```
## Polymorphic Components
Polymorphic components can render as different HTML elements or other components.
```tsx
// Polymorphic component with proper TypeScript support
import * as React from 'react';
type AsProp<C extends React.ElementType> = {
as?: C;
};
type PropsToOmit<C extends React.ElementType, P> = keyof (AsProp<C> & P);
type PolymorphicComponentProp<
C extends React.ElementType,
Props = {}
> = React.PropsWithChildren<Props & AsProp<C>> &
Omit<React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>, PropsToOmit<C, Props>>;
type PolymorphicRef<C extends React.ElementType> =
React.ComponentPropsWithRef<C>['ref'];
type PolymorphicComponentPropWithRef<
C extends React.ElementType,
Props = {}
> = PolymorphicComponentProp<C, Props> & { ref?: PolymorphicRef<C> };
// Button component
interface ButtonOwnProps {
variant?: 'default' | 'outline' | 'ghost';
size?: 'sm' | 'md' | 'lg';
}
type ButtonProps<C extends React.ElementType = 'button'> =
PolymorphicComponentPropWithRef<C, ButtonOwnProps>;
const Button = React.forwardRef(
<C extends React.ElementType = 'button'>(
{ as, variant = 'default', size = 'md', className, children, ...props }: ButtonProps<C>,
ref?: PolymorphicRef<C>
) => {
const Component = as || 'button';
const variantClasses = {
default: 'bg-primary text-primary-foreground hover:bg-primary/90',
outline: 'border border-input bg-background hover:bg-accent',
ghost: 'hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground',
};
const sizeClasses = {
sm: 'h-8 px-3 text-sm',
md: 'h-10 px-4 text-sm',
lg: 'h-12 px-6 text-base',
};
return (
<Component
ref={ref}
className={cn(
'inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md font-medium transition-colors',
variantClasses[variant],
sizeClasses[size],
className
)}
{...props}
>
{children}
</Component>
);
}
);
Button.displayName = 'Button';
// Usage
function Example() {
return (
<>
{/* As button (default) */}
<Button variant="default" onClick={() => {}}>
Click me
</Button>
{/* As anchor link */}
<Button as="a" href="/page" variant="outline">
Go to page
</Button>
{/* As Next.js Link */}
<Button as={Link} href="/dashboard" variant="ghost">
Dashboard
</Button>
</>
);
}
```
## Slot Pattern
Slots allow users to replace default elements with custom implementations.
```tsx
// Slot pattern for customizable components
import * as React from 'react';
import { Slot } from '@radix-ui/react-slot';
interface ButtonProps extends React.ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement> {
asChild?: boolean;
variant?: 'default' | 'outline';
}
const Button = React.forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, ButtonProps>(
({ asChild = false, variant = 'default', className, ...props }, ref) => {
const Comp = asChild ? Slot : 'button';
return (
<Comp
ref={ref}
className={cn(
'inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md font-medium',
variant === 'default' && 'bg-primary text-primary-foreground',
variant === 'outline' && 'border border-input bg-background',
className
)}
{...props}
/>
);
}
);
// Usage - Button styles applied to child element
function Example() {
return (
<Button asChild variant="outline">
<a href="/link">I'm a link that looks like a button</a>
</Button>
);
}
```
## Headless Components
Headless components provide behavior without styling, enabling complete visual customization.
```tsx
// Headless toggle hook
import * as React from 'react';
interface UseToggleProps {
defaultPressed?: boolean;
pressed?: boolean;
onPressedChange?: (pressed: boolean) => void;
}
function useToggle({
defaultPressed = false,
pressed: controlledPressed,
onPressedChange,
}: UseToggleProps = {}) {
const [uncontrolledPressed, setUncontrolledPressed] =
React.useState(defaultPressed);
const isControlled = controlledPressed !== undefined;
const pressed = isControlled ? controlledPressed : uncontrolledPressed;
const toggle = React.useCallback(() => {
if (!isControlled) {
setUncontrolledPressed((prev) => !prev);
}
onPressedChange?.(!pressed);
}, [isControlled, pressed, onPressedChange]);
return {
pressed,
toggle,
buttonProps: {
role: 'switch' as const,
'aria-checked': pressed,
onClick: toggle,
},
};
}
// Headless listbox hook
interface UseListboxProps<T> {
items: T[];
defaultSelectedIndex?: number;
onSelect?: (item: T, index: number) => void;
}
function useListbox<T>({
items,
defaultSelectedIndex = -1,
onSelect,
}: UseListboxProps<T>) {
const [selectedIndex, setSelectedIndex] = React.useState(defaultSelectedIndex);
const [highlightedIndex, setHighlightedIndex] = React.useState(-1);
const select = React.useCallback(
(index: number) => {
setSelectedIndex(index);
onSelect?.(items[index], index);
},
[items, onSelect]
);
const handleKeyDown = React.useCallback(
(event: React.KeyboardEvent) => {
switch (event.key) {
case 'ArrowDown':
event.preventDefault();
setHighlightedIndex((prev) =>
prev < items.length - 1 ? prev + 1 : prev
);
break;
case 'ArrowUp':
event.preventDefault();
setHighlightedIndex((prev) => (prev > 0 ? prev - 1 : prev));
break;
case 'Enter':
case ' ':
event.preventDefault();
if (highlightedIndex >= 0) {
select(highlightedIndex);
}
break;
case 'Home':
event.preventDefault();
setHighlightedIndex(0);
break;
case 'End':
event.preventDefault();
setHighlightedIndex(items.length - 1);
break;
}
},
[items.length, highlightedIndex, select]
);
return {
selectedIndex,
highlightedIndex,
select,
setHighlightedIndex,
listboxProps: {
role: 'listbox' as const,
tabIndex: 0,
onKeyDown: handleKeyDown,
},
getOptionProps: (index: number) => ({
role: 'option' as const,
'aria-selected': index === selectedIndex,
onClick: () => select(index),
onMouseEnter: () => setHighlightedIndex(index),
}),
};
}
```
## Variant System with CVA
Class Variance Authority (CVA) provides type-safe variant management.
```tsx
import { cva, type VariantProps } from 'class-variance-authority';
import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
// Define variants
const badgeVariants = cva(
// Base classes
'inline-flex items-center rounded-full border px-2.5 py-0.5 text-xs font-semibold transition-colors',
{
variants: {
variant: {
default: 'border-transparent bg-primary text-primary-foreground',
secondary: 'border-transparent bg-secondary text-secondary-foreground',
destructive: 'border-transparent bg-destructive text-destructive-foreground',
outline: 'text-foreground',
success: 'border-transparent bg-green-500 text-white',
warning: 'border-transparent bg-amber-500 text-white',
},
size: {
sm: 'text-xs px-2 py-0.5',
md: 'text-sm px-2.5 py-0.5',
lg: 'text-sm px-3 py-1',
},
},
compoundVariants: [
// Outline variant with sizes
{
variant: 'outline',
size: 'lg',
className: 'border-2',
},
],
defaultVariants: {
variant: 'default',
size: 'md',
},
}
);
// Component with variants
interface BadgeProps
extends React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement>,
VariantProps<typeof badgeVariants> {}
function Badge({ className, variant, size, ...props }: BadgeProps) {
return (
<div className={cn(badgeVariants({ variant, size, className }))} {...props} />
);
}
// Usage
<Badge variant="success" size="lg">Active</Badge>
<Badge variant="destructive">Error</Badge>
<Badge variant="outline">Draft</Badge>
```
## Responsive Variants
```tsx
import { cva } from 'class-variance-authority';
// Responsive variant configuration
const containerVariants = cva('mx-auto w-full px-4', {
variants: {
size: {
sm: 'max-w-screen-sm',
md: 'max-w-screen-md',
lg: 'max-w-screen-lg',
xl: 'max-w-screen-xl',
full: 'max-w-full',
},
padding: {
none: 'px-0',
sm: 'px-4 md:px-6',
md: 'px-4 md:px-8 lg:px-12',
lg: 'px-6 md:px-12 lg:px-20',
},
},
defaultVariants: {
size: 'lg',
padding: 'md',
},
});
// Responsive prop pattern
interface ResponsiveValue<T> {
base?: T;
sm?: T;
md?: T;
lg?: T;
xl?: T;
}
function getResponsiveClasses<T extends string>(
prop: T | ResponsiveValue<T> | undefined,
classMap: Record<T, string>,
responsiveClassMap: Record<string, Record<T, string>>
): string {
if (!prop) return '';
if (typeof prop === 'string') {
return classMap[prop];
}
return Object.entries(prop)
.map(([breakpoint, value]) => {
if (breakpoint === 'base') {
return classMap[value as T];
}
return responsiveClassMap[breakpoint]?.[value as T];
})
.filter(Boolean)
.join(' ');
}
```
## Composition Patterns
### Render Props
```tsx
interface DataListProps<T> {
items: T[];
renderItem: (item: T, index: number) => React.ReactNode;
renderEmpty?: () => React.ReactNode;
keyExtractor: (item: T) => string;
}
function DataList<T>({
items,
renderItem,
renderEmpty,
keyExtractor,
}: DataListProps<T>) {
if (items.length === 0 && renderEmpty) {
return <>{renderEmpty()}</>;
}
return (
<ul className="space-y-2">
{items.map((item, index) => (
<li key={keyExtractor(item)}>{renderItem(item, index)}</li>
))}
</ul>
);
}
// Usage
<DataList
items={users}
keyExtractor={(user) => user.id}
renderItem={(user) => <UserCard user={user} />}
renderEmpty={() => <EmptyState message="No users found" />}
/>
```
### Children as Function
```tsx
interface DisclosureProps {
children: (props: { isOpen: boolean; toggle: () => void }) => React.ReactNode;
defaultOpen?: boolean;
}
function Disclosure({ children, defaultOpen = false }: DisclosureProps) {
const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = React.useState(defaultOpen);
const toggle = () => setIsOpen((prev) => !prev);
return <>{children({ isOpen, toggle })}</>;
}
// Usage
<Disclosure>
{({ isOpen, toggle }) => (
<>
<button onClick={toggle}>{isOpen ? 'Close' : 'Open'}</button>
{isOpen && <div>Content</div>}
</>
)}
</Disclosure>
```
## Best Practices
1. **Prefer Composition**: Build complex components from simple primitives
2. **Use Controlled/Uncontrolled Pattern**: Support both modes for flexibility
3. **Forward Refs**: Always forward refs to root elements
4. **Spread Props**: Allow custom props to pass through
5. **Provide Defaults**: Set sensible defaults for optional props
6. **Type Everything**: Use TypeScript for prop validation
7. **Document Variants**: Show all variant combinations in Storybook
8. **Test Accessibility**: Verify keyboard navigation and screen reader support
## Resources
- [Radix UI Primitives](https://www.radix-ui.com/primitives)
- [Headless UI](https://headlessui.com/)
- [Class Variance Authority](https://cva.style/docs)
- [React Aria](https://react-spectrum.adobe.com/react-aria/)

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# Design Tokens Deep Dive
## Overview
Design tokens are the atomic values of a design system - the smallest pieces that define visual style. They bridge the gap between design and development by providing a single source of truth for colors, typography, spacing, and other design decisions.
## Token Categories
### Color Tokens
```json
{
"color": {
"primitive": {
"gray": {
"0": { "value": "#ffffff" },
"50": { "value": "#fafafa" },
"100": { "value": "#f5f5f5" },
"200": { "value": "#e5e5e5" },
"300": { "value": "#d4d4d4" },
"400": { "value": "#a3a3a3" },
"500": { "value": "#737373" },
"600": { "value": "#525252" },
"700": { "value": "#404040" },
"800": { "value": "#262626" },
"900": { "value": "#171717" },
"950": { "value": "#0a0a0a" }
},
"blue": {
"50": { "value": "#eff6ff" },
"100": { "value": "#dbeafe" },
"200": { "value": "#bfdbfe" },
"300": { "value": "#93c5fd" },
"400": { "value": "#60a5fa" },
"500": { "value": "#3b82f6" },
"600": { "value": "#2563eb" },
"700": { "value": "#1d4ed8" },
"800": { "value": "#1e40af" },
"900": { "value": "#1e3a8a" }
},
"red": {
"500": { "value": "#ef4444" },
"600": { "value": "#dc2626" }
},
"green": {
"500": { "value": "#22c55e" },
"600": { "value": "#16a34a" }
},
"amber": {
"500": { "value": "#f59e0b" },
"600": { "value": "#d97706" }
}
}
}
}
```
### Typography Tokens
```json
{
"typography": {
"fontFamily": {
"sans": { "value": "Inter, system-ui, sans-serif" },
"mono": { "value": "JetBrains Mono, Menlo, monospace" }
},
"fontSize": {
"xs": { "value": "0.75rem" },
"sm": { "value": "0.875rem" },
"base": { "value": "1rem" },
"lg": { "value": "1.125rem" },
"xl": { "value": "1.25rem" },
"2xl": { "value": "1.5rem" },
"3xl": { "value": "1.875rem" },
"4xl": { "value": "2.25rem" }
},
"fontWeight": {
"normal": { "value": "400" },
"medium": { "value": "500" },
"semibold": { "value": "600" },
"bold": { "value": "700" }
},
"lineHeight": {
"tight": { "value": "1.25" },
"normal": { "value": "1.5" },
"relaxed": { "value": "1.75" }
},
"letterSpacing": {
"tight": { "value": "-0.025em" },
"normal": { "value": "0" },
"wide": { "value": "0.025em" }
}
}
}
```
### Spacing Tokens
```json
{
"spacing": {
"0": { "value": "0" },
"0.5": { "value": "0.125rem" },
"1": { "value": "0.25rem" },
"1.5": { "value": "0.375rem" },
"2": { "value": "0.5rem" },
"2.5": { "value": "0.625rem" },
"3": { "value": "0.75rem" },
"3.5": { "value": "0.875rem" },
"4": { "value": "1rem" },
"5": { "value": "1.25rem" },
"6": { "value": "1.5rem" },
"7": { "value": "1.75rem" },
"8": { "value": "2rem" },
"9": { "value": "2.25rem" },
"10": { "value": "2.5rem" },
"12": { "value": "3rem" },
"14": { "value": "3.5rem" },
"16": { "value": "4rem" },
"20": { "value": "5rem" },
"24": { "value": "6rem" }
}
}
```
### Effects Tokens
```json
{
"shadow": {
"sm": { "value": "0 1px 2px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 0.05)" },
"md": { "value": "0 4px 6px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1), 0 2px 4px -2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1)" },
"lg": { "value": "0 10px 15px -3px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1), 0 4px 6px -4px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1)" },
"xl": { "value": "0 20px 25px -5px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1), 0 8px 10px -6px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1)" }
},
"radius": {
"none": { "value": "0" },
"sm": { "value": "0.125rem" },
"md": { "value": "0.375rem" },
"lg": { "value": "0.5rem" },
"xl": { "value": "0.75rem" },
"2xl": { "value": "1rem" },
"full": { "value": "9999px" }
},
"opacity": {
"0": { "value": "0" },
"25": { "value": "0.25" },
"50": { "value": "0.5" },
"75": { "value": "0.75" },
"100": { "value": "1" }
}
}
```
## Semantic Token Mapping
### Light Theme
```json
{
"semantic": {
"light": {
"background": {
"default": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.0}" },
"subtle": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.50}" },
"muted": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.100}" },
"emphasis": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.900}" }
},
"foreground": {
"default": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.900}" },
"muted": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.600}" },
"subtle": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.400}" },
"onEmphasis": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.0}" }
},
"border": {
"default": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.200}" },
"muted": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.100}" },
"emphasis": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.900}" }
},
"accent": {
"default": { "value": "{color.primitive.blue.500}" },
"emphasis": { "value": "{color.primitive.blue.600}" },
"muted": { "value": "{color.primitive.blue.100}" },
"subtle": { "value": "{color.primitive.blue.50}" }
},
"success": {
"default": { "value": "{color.primitive.green.500}" },
"emphasis": { "value": "{color.primitive.green.600}" }
},
"warning": {
"default": { "value": "{color.primitive.amber.500}" },
"emphasis": { "value": "{color.primitive.amber.600}" }
},
"danger": {
"default": { "value": "{color.primitive.red.500}" },
"emphasis": { "value": "{color.primitive.red.600}" }
}
}
}
}
```
### Dark Theme
```json
{
"semantic": {
"dark": {
"background": {
"default": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.950}" },
"subtle": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.900}" },
"muted": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.800}" },
"emphasis": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.50}" }
},
"foreground": {
"default": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.50}" },
"muted": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.400}" },
"subtle": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.500}" },
"onEmphasis": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.950}" }
},
"border": {
"default": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.800}" },
"muted": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.900}" },
"emphasis": { "value": "{color.primitive.gray.50}" }
},
"accent": {
"default": { "value": "{color.primitive.blue.400}" },
"emphasis": { "value": "{color.primitive.blue.300}" },
"muted": { "value": "{color.primitive.blue.900}" },
"subtle": { "value": "{color.primitive.blue.950}" }
}
}
}
}
```
## Token Naming Conventions
### Recommended Structure
```
[category]-[property]-[variant]-[state]
Examples:
- color-background-default
- color-text-primary
- color-border-input-focus
- spacing-component-padding
- typography-heading-lg
```
### Naming Guidelines
1. **Use kebab-case**: `text-primary` not `textPrimary`
2. **Be descriptive**: `button-padding-horizontal` not `btn-px`
3. **Use semantic names**: `danger` not `red`
4. **Include scale info**: `spacing-4` or `font-size-lg`
5. **State suffixes**: `-hover`, `-focus`, `-active`, `-disabled`
## CSS Custom Properties Output
```css
:root {
/* Primitives */
--color-gray-50: #fafafa;
--color-gray-100: #f5f5f5;
--color-gray-900: #171717;
--color-blue-500: #3b82f6;
--spacing-1: 0.25rem;
--spacing-2: 0.5rem;
--spacing-4: 1rem;
--radius-md: 0.375rem;
--radius-lg: 0.5rem;
--shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 0.05);
--shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1);
/* Semantic - Light Theme */
--background-default: var(--color-white);
--background-subtle: var(--color-gray-50);
--foreground-default: var(--color-gray-900);
--foreground-muted: var(--color-gray-600);
--border-default: var(--color-gray-200);
--accent-default: var(--color-blue-500);
}
.dark {
/* Semantic - Dark Theme Overrides */
--background-default: var(--color-gray-950);
--background-subtle: var(--color-gray-900);
--foreground-default: var(--color-gray-50);
--foreground-muted: var(--color-gray-400);
--border-default: var(--color-gray-800);
--accent-default: var(--color-blue-400);
}
```
## Token Transformations
### Style Dictionary Transforms
```javascript
const StyleDictionary = require('style-dictionary');
// Custom transform for px to rem
StyleDictionary.registerTransform({
name: 'size/pxToRem',
type: 'value',
matcher: (token) => token.attributes.category === 'size',
transformer: (token) => {
const value = parseFloat(token.value);
return `${value / 16}rem`;
},
});
// Custom format for CSS custom properties
StyleDictionary.registerFormat({
name: 'css/customProperties',
formatter: function({ dictionary, options }) {
const tokens = dictionary.allTokens.map(token => {
const name = token.name.replace(/\./g, '-');
return ` --${name}: ${token.value};`;
});
return `:root {\n${tokens.join('\n')}\n}`;
},
});
```
### Platform-Specific Outputs
```javascript
// iOS Swift output
public enum DesignTokens {
public enum Color {
public static let gray50 = UIColor(hex: "#fafafa")
public static let gray900 = UIColor(hex: "#171717")
public static let blue500 = UIColor(hex: "#3b82f6")
}
public enum Spacing {
public static let space1: CGFloat = 4
public static let space2: CGFloat = 8
public static let space4: CGFloat = 16
}
}
// Android XML output
<resources>
<color name="gray_50">#fafafa</color>
<color name="gray_900">#171717</color>
<color name="blue_500">#3b82f6</color>
<dimen name="spacing_1">4dp</dimen>
<dimen name="spacing_2">8dp</dimen>
<dimen name="spacing_4">16dp</dimen>
</resources>
```
## Token Governance
### Change Management
1. **Propose**: Document the change and rationale
2. **Review**: Design and engineering review
3. **Test**: Validate across all platforms
4. **Communicate**: Announce changes to consumers
5. **Deprecate**: Mark old tokens, provide migration path
6. **Remove**: After deprecation period
### Deprecation Pattern
```json
{
"color": {
"primary": {
"value": "{color.primitive.blue.500}",
"deprecated": true,
"deprecatedMessage": "Use accent.default instead",
"replacedBy": "semantic.accent.default"
}
}
}
```
## Token Validation
```typescript
interface TokenValidation {
checkContrastRatios(): ContrastReport;
validateReferences(): ReferenceReport;
detectCircularDeps(): CircularDepReport;
auditNaming(): NamingReport;
}
// Contrast validation
function validateContrast(
foreground: string,
background: string,
level: 'AA' | 'AAA' = 'AA'
): boolean {
const ratio = getContrastRatio(foreground, background);
return level === 'AA' ? ratio >= 4.5 : ratio >= 7;
}
```
## Resources
- [Design Tokens W3C Community Group](https://design-tokens.github.io/community-group/)
- [Style Dictionary](https://amzn.github.io/style-dictionary/)
- [Tokens Studio](https://tokens.studio/)
- [Open Props](https://open-props.style/)

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# Theming Architecture
## Overview
A robust theming system enables applications to support multiple visual appearances (light/dark modes, brand themes) while maintaining consistency and developer experience.
## CSS Custom Properties Architecture
### Base Setup
```css
/* 1. Define the token contract */
:root {
/* Color scheme */
color-scheme: light dark;
/* Base tokens that don't change */
--font-sans: Inter, system-ui, sans-serif;
--font-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;
/* Animation tokens */
--duration-fast: 150ms;
--duration-normal: 250ms;
--duration-slow: 400ms;
--ease-default: cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
/* Z-index scale */
--z-dropdown: 100;
--z-sticky: 200;
--z-modal: 300;
--z-popover: 400;
--z-tooltip: 500;
}
/* 2. Light theme (default) */
:root,
[data-theme='light'] {
--color-bg: #ffffff;
--color-bg-subtle: #f8fafc;
--color-bg-muted: #f1f5f9;
--color-bg-emphasis: #0f172a;
--color-text: #0f172a;
--color-text-muted: #475569;
--color-text-subtle: #94a3b8;
--color-border: #e2e8f0;
--color-border-muted: #f1f5f9;
--color-accent: #3b82f6;
--color-accent-hover: #2563eb;
--color-accent-muted: #dbeafe;
--shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 0.05);
--shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1);
--shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1);
}
/* 3. Dark theme */
[data-theme='dark'] {
--color-bg: #0f172a;
--color-bg-subtle: #1e293b;
--color-bg-muted: #334155;
--color-bg-emphasis: #f8fafc;
--color-text: #f8fafc;
--color-text-muted: #94a3b8;
--color-text-subtle: #64748b;
--color-border: #334155;
--color-border-muted: #1e293b;
--color-accent: #60a5fa;
--color-accent-hover: #93c5fd;
--color-accent-muted: #1e3a5f;
--shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 0.3);
--shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.4);
--shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.5);
}
/* 4. System preference detection */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
:root:not([data-theme='light']) {
/* Inherit dark theme values */
--color-bg: #0f172a;
/* ... other dark values */
}
}
```
### Using Tokens in Components
```css
.card {
background: var(--color-bg-subtle);
border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
border-radius: 0.5rem;
box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
padding: 1.5rem;
}
.card-title {
color: var(--color-text);
font-family: var(--font-sans);
font-size: 1.125rem;
font-weight: 600;
}
.card-description {
color: var(--color-text-muted);
margin-top: 0.5rem;
}
.button-primary {
background: var(--color-accent);
color: white;
transition: background var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-default);
}
.button-primary:hover {
background: var(--color-accent-hover);
}
```
## React Theme Provider
### Complete Implementation
```tsx
// theme-provider.tsx
import * as React from 'react';
type Theme = 'light' | 'dark' | 'system';
type ResolvedTheme = 'light' | 'dark';
interface ThemeProviderProps {
children: React.ReactNode;
defaultTheme?: Theme;
storageKey?: string;
attribute?: 'class' | 'data-theme';
enableSystem?: boolean;
disableTransitionOnChange?: boolean;
}
interface ThemeProviderState {
theme: Theme;
resolvedTheme: ResolvedTheme;
setTheme: (theme: Theme) => void;
toggleTheme: () => void;
}
const ThemeProviderContext = React.createContext<ThemeProviderState | undefined>(
undefined
);
export function ThemeProvider({
children,
defaultTheme = 'system',
storageKey = 'theme',
attribute = 'data-theme',
enableSystem = true,
disableTransitionOnChange = false,
}: ThemeProviderProps) {
const [theme, setThemeState] = React.useState<Theme>(() => {
if (typeof window === 'undefined') return defaultTheme;
return (localStorage.getItem(storageKey) as Theme) || defaultTheme;
});
const [resolvedTheme, setResolvedTheme] = React.useState<ResolvedTheme>('light');
// Get system preference
const getSystemTheme = React.useCallback((): ResolvedTheme => {
if (typeof window === 'undefined') return 'light';
return window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches
? 'dark'
: 'light';
}, []);
// Apply theme to DOM
const applyTheme = React.useCallback(
(newTheme: ResolvedTheme) => {
const root = document.documentElement;
// Disable transitions temporarily
if (disableTransitionOnChange) {
const css = document.createElement('style');
css.appendChild(
document.createTextNode(
`*,*::before,*::after{transition:none!important}`
)
);
document.head.appendChild(css);
// Force repaint
(() => window.getComputedStyle(document.body))();
// Remove after a tick
setTimeout(() => {
document.head.removeChild(css);
}, 1);
}
// Apply attribute
if (attribute === 'class') {
root.classList.remove('light', 'dark');
root.classList.add(newTheme);
} else {
root.setAttribute(attribute, newTheme);
}
// Update color-scheme for native elements
root.style.colorScheme = newTheme;
setResolvedTheme(newTheme);
},
[attribute, disableTransitionOnChange]
);
// Handle theme changes
React.useEffect(() => {
const resolved = theme === 'system' ? getSystemTheme() : theme;
applyTheme(resolved);
}, [theme, applyTheme, getSystemTheme]);
// Listen for system theme changes
React.useEffect(() => {
if (!enableSystem || theme !== 'system') return;
const mediaQuery = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)');
const handleChange = () => {
applyTheme(getSystemTheme());
};
mediaQuery.addEventListener('change', handleChange);
return () => mediaQuery.removeEventListener('change', handleChange);
}, [theme, enableSystem, applyTheme, getSystemTheme]);
// Persist to localStorage
const setTheme = React.useCallback(
(newTheme: Theme) => {
localStorage.setItem(storageKey, newTheme);
setThemeState(newTheme);
},
[storageKey]
);
const toggleTheme = React.useCallback(() => {
setTheme(resolvedTheme === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light');
}, [resolvedTheme, setTheme]);
const value = React.useMemo(
() => ({
theme,
resolvedTheme,
setTheme,
toggleTheme,
}),
[theme, resolvedTheme, setTheme, toggleTheme]
);
return (
<ThemeProviderContext.Provider value={value}>
{children}
</ThemeProviderContext.Provider>
);
}
export function useTheme() {
const context = React.useContext(ThemeProviderContext);
if (context === undefined) {
throw new Error('useTheme must be used within a ThemeProvider');
}
return context;
}
```
### Theme Toggle Component
```tsx
// theme-toggle.tsx
import { Moon, Sun, Monitor } from 'lucide-react';
import { useTheme } from './theme-provider';
export function ThemeToggle() {
const { theme, setTheme } = useTheme();
return (
<div className="flex items-center gap-1 rounded-lg bg-muted p-1">
<button
onClick={() => setTheme('light')}
className={`rounded-md p-2 ${
theme === 'light' ? 'bg-background shadow-sm' : ''
}`}
aria-label="Light theme"
>
<Sun className="h-4 w-4" />
</button>
<button
onClick={() => setTheme('dark')}
className={`rounded-md p-2 ${
theme === 'dark' ? 'bg-background shadow-sm' : ''
}`}
aria-label="Dark theme"
>
<Moon className="h-4 w-4" />
</button>
<button
onClick={() => setTheme('system')}
className={`rounded-md p-2 ${
theme === 'system' ? 'bg-background shadow-sm' : ''
}`}
aria-label="System theme"
>
<Monitor className="h-4 w-4" />
</button>
</div>
);
}
```
## Multi-Brand Theming
### Brand Token Structure
```css
/* Brand A - Corporate Blue */
[data-brand='corporate'] {
--brand-primary: #0066cc;
--brand-primary-hover: #0052a3;
--brand-secondary: #f0f7ff;
--brand-accent: #00a3e0;
--brand-font-heading: 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;
--brand-font-body: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
--brand-radius: 0.25rem;
--brand-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
/* Brand B - Modern Startup */
[data-brand='startup'] {
--brand-primary: #7c3aed;
--brand-primary-hover: #6d28d9;
--brand-secondary: #faf5ff;
--brand-accent: #f472b6;
--brand-font-heading: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
--brand-font-body: 'Inter', sans-serif;
--brand-radius: 1rem;
--brand-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(124, 58, 237, 0.15);
}
/* Brand C - Minimal */
[data-brand='minimal'] {
--brand-primary: #171717;
--brand-primary-hover: #404040;
--brand-secondary: #fafafa;
--brand-accent: #171717;
--brand-font-heading: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
--brand-font-body: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;
--brand-radius: 0;
--brand-shadow: none;
}
```
## Accessibility Considerations
### Reduced Motion
```css
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
:root {
--duration-fast: 0ms;
--duration-normal: 0ms;
--duration-slow: 0ms;
}
*,
*::before,
*::after {
animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
}
}
```
### High Contrast Mode
```css
@media (prefers-contrast: high) {
:root {
--color-text: #000000;
--color-text-muted: #000000;
--color-bg: #ffffff;
--color-border: #000000;
--color-accent: #0000ee;
}
[data-theme='dark'] {
--color-text: #ffffff;
--color-text-muted: #ffffff;
--color-bg: #000000;
--color-border: #ffffff;
--color-accent: #ffff00;
}
}
```
### Forced Colors
```css
@media (forced-colors: active) {
.button {
border: 2px solid currentColor;
}
.card {
border: 1px solid CanvasText;
}
.link {
text-decoration: underline;
}
}
```
## Server-Side Rendering
### Preventing Flash of Unstyled Content
```tsx
// Inline script to prevent FOUC
const themeScript = `
(function() {
const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme') || 'system';
const isDark = theme === 'dark' ||
(theme === 'system' && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches);
document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', isDark ? 'dark' : 'light');
document.documentElement.style.colorScheme = isDark ? 'dark' : 'light';
})();
`;
// In Next.js layout - note: inline scripts should be properly sanitized in production
export default function RootLayout({ children }) {
return (
<html lang="en" suppressHydrationWarning>
<head>
<script
// Only use for trusted, static content
// For dynamic content, use a sanitization library
dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: themeScript }}
/>
</head>
<body>
<ThemeProvider>{children}</ThemeProvider>
</body>
</html>
);
}
```
## Testing Themes
```tsx
// theme.test.tsx
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
import { ThemeProvider, useTheme } from './theme-provider';
function TestComponent() {
const { theme, setTheme, resolvedTheme } = useTheme();
return (
<div>
<span data-testid="theme">{theme}</span>
<span data-testid="resolved">{resolvedTheme}</span>
<button onClick={() => setTheme('dark')}>Set Dark</button>
</div>
);
}
describe('ThemeProvider', () => {
it('should default to system theme', () => {
render(
<ThemeProvider>
<TestComponent />
</ThemeProvider>
);
expect(screen.getByTestId('theme')).toHaveTextContent('system');
});
it('should switch to dark theme', async () => {
const user = userEvent.setup();
render(
<ThemeProvider>
<TestComponent />
</ThemeProvider>
);
await user.click(screen.getByText('Set Dark'));
expect(screen.getByTestId('theme')).toHaveTextContent('dark');
expect(document.documentElement).toHaveAttribute('data-theme', 'dark');
});
});
```
## Resources
- [Web.dev: prefers-color-scheme](https://web.dev/prefers-color-scheme/)
- [CSS Color Scheme](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/color-scheme)
- [next-themes](https://github.com/pacocoursey/next-themes)
- [Radix UI Colors](https://www.radix-ui.com/colors)