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This commit is contained in:
Seth Hobson
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ This skill provides comprehensive guidance for generating well-structured, secur
|
||||
## When to Use This Skill
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||||
|
||||
Use this skill when you need to:
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||||
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||||
- Create new Kubernetes Deployment manifests
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||||
- Define Service resources for network connectivity
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||||
- Generate ConfigMap and Secret resources for configuration management
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||||
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ Use this skill when you need to:
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||||
### 1. Gather Requirements
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||||
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||||
**Understand the workload:**
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||||
|
||||
- Application type (stateless/stateful)
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||||
- Container image and version
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||||
- Environment variables and configuration needs
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||||
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ Use this skill when you need to:
|
||||
- Health check endpoints
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||||
|
||||
**Questions to ask:**
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|
||||
- What is the application name and purpose?
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||||
- What container image and tag will be used?
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||||
- Does the application need persistent storage?
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@@ -70,41 +73,42 @@ spec:
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||||
version: <version>
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||||
spec:
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||||
containers:
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||||
- name: <container-name>
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||||
image: <image>:<tag>
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||||
ports:
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||||
- containerPort: <port>
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||||
name: http
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||||
resources:
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||||
requests:
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||||
memory: "256Mi"
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||||
cpu: "250m"
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||||
limits:
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||||
memory: "512Mi"
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||||
cpu: "500m"
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||||
livenessProbe:
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httpGet:
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path: /health
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||||
port: http
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||||
initialDelaySeconds: 30
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||||
periodSeconds: 10
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||||
readinessProbe:
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||||
httpGet:
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||||
path: /ready
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||||
port: http
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||||
initialDelaySeconds: 5
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||||
periodSeconds: 5
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||||
env:
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||||
- name: ENV_VAR
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||||
value: "value"
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||||
envFrom:
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||||
- configMapRef:
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||||
name: <app-name>-config
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||||
- secretRef:
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||||
name: <app-name>-secret
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||||
- name: <container-name>
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||||
image: <image>:<tag>
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||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: <port>
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||||
name: http
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
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||||
memory: "256Mi"
|
||||
cpu: "250m"
|
||||
limits:
|
||||
memory: "512Mi"
|
||||
cpu: "500m"
|
||||
livenessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /health
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||||
port: http
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 30
|
||||
periodSeconds: 10
|
||||
readinessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /ready
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||||
port: http
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||||
initialDelaySeconds: 5
|
||||
periodSeconds: 5
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name: ENV_VAR
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||||
value: "value"
|
||||
envFrom:
|
||||
- configMapRef:
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||||
name: <app-name>-config
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||||
- secretRef:
|
||||
name: <app-name>-secret
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||||
```
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||||
|
||||
**Best practices to apply:**
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||||
|
||||
- Always set resource requests and limits
|
||||
- Implement both liveness and readiness probes
|
||||
- Use specific image tags (never `:latest`)
|
||||
@@ -119,6 +123,7 @@ spec:
|
||||
**Choose the appropriate Service type:**
|
||||
|
||||
**ClusterIP (internal only):**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: Service
|
||||
@@ -132,13 +137,14 @@ spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: <app-name>
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
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||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: 8080
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||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: 8080
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||||
protocol: TCP
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||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**LoadBalancer (external access):**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: Service
|
||||
@@ -154,10 +160,10 @@ spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: <app-name>
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: 8080
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
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||||
targetPort: 8080
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Reference:** See `references/service-spec.md` for service types and networking
|
||||
@@ -184,6 +190,7 @@ data:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Best practices:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Use ConfigMaps for non-sensitive data only
|
||||
- Organize related configuration together
|
||||
- Use meaningful names for keys
|
||||
@@ -218,6 +225,7 @@ stringData:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Security considerations:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Never commit secrets to Git in plain text
|
||||
- Use Sealed Secrets, External Secrets Operator, or Vault
|
||||
- Rotate secrets regularly
|
||||
@@ -236,7 +244,7 @@ metadata:
|
||||
namespace: <namespace>
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
accessModes:
|
||||
- ReadWriteOnce
|
||||
- ReadWriteOnce
|
||||
storageClassName: gp3
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
@@ -244,22 +252,24 @@ spec:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Mount in Deployment:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
template:
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: data
|
||||
mountPath: /var/lib/app
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: data
|
||||
mountPath: /var/lib/app
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
- name: data
|
||||
persistentVolumeClaim:
|
||||
claimName: <app-name>-data
|
||||
- name: data
|
||||
persistentVolumeClaim:
|
||||
claimName: <app-name>-data
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Storage considerations:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Choose appropriate StorageClass for performance needs
|
||||
- Use ReadWriteOnce for single-pod access
|
||||
- Use ReadWriteMany for multi-pod shared storage
|
||||
@@ -281,16 +291,17 @@ spec:
|
||||
seccompProfile:
|
||||
type: RuntimeDefault
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
|
||||
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
|
||||
capabilities:
|
||||
drop:
|
||||
- ALL
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
|
||||
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
|
||||
capabilities:
|
||||
drop:
|
||||
- ALL
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Security checklist:**
|
||||
|
||||
- [ ] Run as non-root user
|
||||
- [ ] Drop all capabilities
|
||||
- [ ] Use read-only root filesystem
|
||||
@@ -330,6 +341,7 @@ metadata:
|
||||
**File organization options:**
|
||||
|
||||
**Option 1: Single file with `---` separator**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
# app-name.yaml
|
||||
---
|
||||
@@ -351,6 +363,7 @@ kind: Service
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Option 2: Separate files**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
manifests/
|
||||
├── configmap.yaml
|
||||
@@ -361,6 +374,7 @@ manifests/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Option 3: Kustomize structure**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
base/
|
||||
├── kustomization.yaml
|
||||
@@ -396,6 +410,7 @@ kube-linter lint manifest.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Testing checklist:**
|
||||
|
||||
- [ ] Manifest passes dry-run validation
|
||||
- [ ] All required fields are present
|
||||
- [ ] Resource limits are reasonable
|
||||
@@ -411,6 +426,7 @@ kube-linter lint manifest.yaml
|
||||
**Use case:** Standard web API or microservice
|
||||
|
||||
**Components needed:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Deployment (3 replicas for HA)
|
||||
- ClusterIP Service
|
||||
- ConfigMap for configuration
|
||||
@@ -424,6 +440,7 @@ kube-linter lint manifest.yaml
|
||||
**Use case:** Database or persistent storage application
|
||||
|
||||
**Components needed:**
|
||||
|
||||
- StatefulSet (not Deployment)
|
||||
- Headless Service
|
||||
- PersistentVolumeClaim template
|
||||
@@ -435,6 +452,7 @@ kube-linter lint manifest.yaml
|
||||
**Use case:** Scheduled tasks or batch processing
|
||||
|
||||
**Components needed:**
|
||||
|
||||
- CronJob or Job
|
||||
- ConfigMap for job parameters
|
||||
- Secret for credentials
|
||||
@@ -445,6 +463,7 @@ kube-linter lint manifest.yaml
|
||||
**Use case:** Application with sidecar containers
|
||||
|
||||
**Components needed:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Deployment with multiple containers
|
||||
- Shared volumes between containers
|
||||
- Init containers for setup
|
||||
@@ -481,16 +500,19 @@ The following templates are available in the `assets/` directory:
|
||||
## Troubleshooting
|
||||
|
||||
**Pods not starting:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Check image pull errors: `kubectl describe pod <pod-name>`
|
||||
- Verify resource availability: `kubectl get nodes`
|
||||
- Check events: `kubectl get events --sort-by='.lastTimestamp'`
|
||||
|
||||
**Service not accessible:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Verify selector matches pod labels: `kubectl get endpoints <service-name>`
|
||||
- Check service type and port configuration
|
||||
- Test from within cluster: `kubectl run debug --rm -it --image=busybox -- sh`
|
||||
|
||||
**ConfigMap/Secret not loading:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Verify names match in Deployment
|
||||
- Check namespace
|
||||
- Ensure resources exist: `kubectl get configmap,secret`
|
||||
@@ -498,6 +520,7 @@ The following templates are available in the `assets/` directory:
|
||||
## Next Steps
|
||||
|
||||
After creating manifests:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Store in Git repository
|
||||
2. Set up CI/CD pipeline for deployment
|
||||
3. Consider using Helm or Kustomize for templating
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -69,143 +69,144 @@ spec:
|
||||
|
||||
# Init containers run before main containers
|
||||
initContainers:
|
||||
- name: init-db
|
||||
image: busybox:1.36
|
||||
command: ['sh', '-c', 'until nc -z db-service 5432; do sleep 1; done']
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
|
||||
runAsNonRoot: true
|
||||
runAsUser: 1000
|
||||
- name: init-db
|
||||
image: busybox:1.36
|
||||
command: ["sh", "-c", "until nc -z db-service 5432; do sleep 1; done"]
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
|
||||
runAsNonRoot: true
|
||||
runAsUser: 1000
|
||||
|
||||
# Main containers
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
image: myapp:1.0.0
|
||||
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
image: myapp:1.0.0
|
||||
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
|
||||
|
||||
# Container ports
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
containerPort: 8080
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: metrics
|
||||
containerPort: 9090
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
# Container ports
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
containerPort: 8080
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: metrics
|
||||
containerPort: 9090
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
|
||||
# Environment variables
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name: POD_NAME
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
fieldRef:
|
||||
fieldPath: metadata.name
|
||||
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
fieldRef:
|
||||
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
|
||||
- name: DATABASE_URL
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
secretKeyRef:
|
||||
name: db-credentials
|
||||
key: url
|
||||
# Environment variables
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name: POD_NAME
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
fieldRef:
|
||||
fieldPath: metadata.name
|
||||
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
fieldRef:
|
||||
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
|
||||
- name: DATABASE_URL
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
secretKeyRef:
|
||||
name: db-credentials
|
||||
key: url
|
||||
|
||||
# ConfigMap and Secret references
|
||||
envFrom:
|
||||
- configMapRef:
|
||||
name: app-config
|
||||
- secretRef:
|
||||
name: app-secrets
|
||||
# ConfigMap and Secret references
|
||||
envFrom:
|
||||
- configMapRef:
|
||||
name: app-config
|
||||
- secretRef:
|
||||
name: app-secrets
|
||||
|
||||
# Resource requests and limits
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
memory: "256Mi"
|
||||
cpu: "250m"
|
||||
limits:
|
||||
memory: "512Mi"
|
||||
cpu: "500m"
|
||||
# Resource requests and limits
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
memory: "256Mi"
|
||||
cpu: "250m"
|
||||
limits:
|
||||
memory: "512Mi"
|
||||
cpu: "500m"
|
||||
|
||||
# Liveness probe
|
||||
livenessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /health/live
|
||||
port: http
|
||||
httpHeaders:
|
||||
- name: Custom-Header
|
||||
value: Awesome
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 30
|
||||
periodSeconds: 10
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 5
|
||||
successThreshold: 1
|
||||
failureThreshold: 3
|
||||
# Liveness probe
|
||||
livenessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /health/live
|
||||
port: http
|
||||
httpHeaders:
|
||||
- name: Custom-Header
|
||||
value: Awesome
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 30
|
||||
periodSeconds: 10
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 5
|
||||
successThreshold: 1
|
||||
failureThreshold: 3
|
||||
|
||||
# Readiness probe
|
||||
readinessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /health/ready
|
||||
port: http
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 5
|
||||
periodSeconds: 5
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 3
|
||||
successThreshold: 1
|
||||
failureThreshold: 3
|
||||
# Readiness probe
|
||||
readinessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /health/ready
|
||||
port: http
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 5
|
||||
periodSeconds: 5
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 3
|
||||
successThreshold: 1
|
||||
failureThreshold: 3
|
||||
|
||||
# Startup probe (for slow-starting containers)
|
||||
startupProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /health/startup
|
||||
port: http
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 0
|
||||
periodSeconds: 10
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 3
|
||||
successThreshold: 1
|
||||
failureThreshold: 30
|
||||
# Startup probe (for slow-starting containers)
|
||||
startupProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /health/startup
|
||||
port: http
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 0
|
||||
periodSeconds: 10
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 3
|
||||
successThreshold: 1
|
||||
failureThreshold: 30
|
||||
|
||||
# Volume mounts
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: data
|
||||
mountPath: /var/lib/app
|
||||
- name: config
|
||||
mountPath: /etc/app
|
||||
readOnly: true
|
||||
- name: tmp
|
||||
mountPath: /tmp
|
||||
# Volume mounts
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: data
|
||||
mountPath: /var/lib/app
|
||||
- name: config
|
||||
mountPath: /etc/app
|
||||
readOnly: true
|
||||
- name: tmp
|
||||
mountPath: /tmp
|
||||
|
||||
# Security context for container
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
|
||||
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
|
||||
runAsNonRoot: true
|
||||
runAsUser: 1000
|
||||
capabilities:
|
||||
drop:
|
||||
- ALL
|
||||
# Security context for container
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
|
||||
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
|
||||
runAsNonRoot: true
|
||||
runAsUser: 1000
|
||||
capabilities:
|
||||
drop:
|
||||
- ALL
|
||||
|
||||
# Lifecycle hooks
|
||||
lifecycle:
|
||||
postStart:
|
||||
exec:
|
||||
command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo Container started > /tmp/started"]
|
||||
preStop:
|
||||
exec:
|
||||
command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep 15"]
|
||||
# Lifecycle hooks
|
||||
lifecycle:
|
||||
postStart:
|
||||
exec:
|
||||
command:
|
||||
["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo Container started > /tmp/started"]
|
||||
preStop:
|
||||
exec:
|
||||
command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep 15"]
|
||||
|
||||
# Volumes
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
- name: data
|
||||
persistentVolumeClaim:
|
||||
claimName: app-data
|
||||
- name: config
|
||||
configMap:
|
||||
name: app-config
|
||||
- name: tmp
|
||||
emptyDir: {}
|
||||
- name: data
|
||||
persistentVolumeClaim:
|
||||
claimName: app-data
|
||||
- name: config
|
||||
configMap:
|
||||
name: app-config
|
||||
- name: tmp
|
||||
emptyDir: {}
|
||||
|
||||
# DNS configuration
|
||||
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
|
||||
dnsConfig:
|
||||
options:
|
||||
- name: ndots
|
||||
value: "2"
|
||||
- name: ndots
|
||||
value: "2"
|
||||
|
||||
# Scheduling
|
||||
nodeSelector:
|
||||
@@ -214,28 +215,28 @@ spec:
|
||||
affinity:
|
||||
podAntiAffinity:
|
||||
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
|
||||
- weight: 100
|
||||
podAffinityTerm:
|
||||
labelSelector:
|
||||
matchExpressions:
|
||||
- key: app
|
||||
operator: In
|
||||
values:
|
||||
- my-app
|
||||
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
|
||||
- weight: 100
|
||||
podAffinityTerm:
|
||||
labelSelector:
|
||||
matchExpressions:
|
||||
- key: app
|
||||
operator: In
|
||||
values:
|
||||
- my-app
|
||||
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
|
||||
|
||||
tolerations:
|
||||
- key: "app"
|
||||
operator: "Equal"
|
||||
value: "my-app"
|
||||
effect: "NoSchedule"
|
||||
- key: "app"
|
||||
operator: "Equal"
|
||||
value: "my-app"
|
||||
effect: "NoSchedule"
|
||||
|
||||
# Termination
|
||||
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
|
||||
|
||||
# Image pull secrets
|
||||
imagePullSecrets:
|
||||
- name: regcred
|
||||
- name: regcred
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Field Reference
|
||||
@@ -243,11 +244,13 @@ spec:
|
||||
### Metadata Fields
|
||||
|
||||
#### Required Fields
|
||||
|
||||
- `apiVersion`: `apps/v1` (current stable version)
|
||||
- `kind`: `Deployment`
|
||||
- `metadata.name`: Unique name within namespace
|
||||
|
||||
#### Recommended Metadata
|
||||
|
||||
- `metadata.namespace`: Target namespace (defaults to `default`)
|
||||
- `metadata.labels`: Key-value pairs for organization
|
||||
- `metadata.annotations`: Non-identifying metadata
|
||||
@@ -257,11 +260,13 @@ spec:
|
||||
#### Replica Management
|
||||
|
||||
**`replicas`** (integer, default: 1)
|
||||
|
||||
- Number of desired pod instances
|
||||
- Best practice: Use 3+ for production high availability
|
||||
- Can be scaled manually or via HorizontalPodAutoscaler
|
||||
|
||||
**`revisionHistoryLimit`** (integer, default: 10)
|
||||
|
||||
- Number of old ReplicaSets to retain for rollback
|
||||
- Set to 0 to disable rollback capability
|
||||
- Reduces storage overhead for long-running deployments
|
||||
@@ -269,19 +274,23 @@ spec:
|
||||
#### Update Strategy
|
||||
|
||||
**`strategy.type`** (string)
|
||||
|
||||
- `RollingUpdate` (default): Gradual pod replacement
|
||||
- `Recreate`: Delete all pods before creating new ones
|
||||
|
||||
**`strategy.rollingUpdate.maxSurge`** (int or percent, default: 25%)
|
||||
|
||||
- Maximum pods above desired replicas during update
|
||||
- Example: With 3 replicas and maxSurge=1, up to 4 pods during update
|
||||
|
||||
**`strategy.rollingUpdate.maxUnavailable`** (int or percent, default: 25%)
|
||||
|
||||
- Maximum pods below desired replicas during update
|
||||
- Set to 0 for zero-downtime deployments
|
||||
- Cannot be 0 if maxSurge is 0
|
||||
|
||||
**Best practices:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
# Zero-downtime deployment
|
||||
strategy:
|
||||
@@ -305,11 +314,13 @@ strategy:
|
||||
#### Pod Template
|
||||
|
||||
**`template.metadata.labels`**
|
||||
|
||||
- Must include labels matching `spec.selector.matchLabels`
|
||||
- Add version labels for blue/green deployments
|
||||
- Include standard Kubernetes labels
|
||||
|
||||
**`template.spec.containers`** (required)
|
||||
|
||||
- Array of container specifications
|
||||
- At least one container required
|
||||
- Each container needs unique name
|
||||
@@ -317,25 +328,28 @@ strategy:
|
||||
#### Container Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
**Image Management:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
image: registry.example.com/myapp:1.0.0
|
||||
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent # or Always, Never
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
image: registry.example.com/myapp:1.0.0
|
||||
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent # or Always, Never
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Image pull policies:
|
||||
|
||||
- `IfNotPresent`: Pull if not cached (default for tagged images)
|
||||
- `Always`: Always pull (default for :latest)
|
||||
- `Never`: Never pull, fail if not cached
|
||||
|
||||
**Port Declarations:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http # Named for referencing in Service
|
||||
containerPort: 8080
|
||||
protocol: TCP # TCP (default), UDP, or SCTP
|
||||
hostPort: 8080 # Optional: Bind to host port (rarely used)
|
||||
- name: http # Named for referencing in Service
|
||||
containerPort: 8080
|
||||
protocol: TCP # TCP (default), UDP, or SCTP
|
||||
hostPort: 8080 # Optional: Bind to host port (rarely used)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Resource Management
|
||||
@@ -345,11 +359,11 @@ ports:
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
memory: "256Mi" # Guaranteed resources
|
||||
cpu: "250m" # 0.25 CPU cores
|
||||
memory: "256Mi" # Guaranteed resources
|
||||
cpu: "250m" # 0.25 CPU cores
|
||||
limits:
|
||||
memory: "512Mi" # Maximum allowed
|
||||
cpu: "500m" # 0.5 CPU cores
|
||||
memory: "512Mi" # Maximum allowed
|
||||
cpu: "500m" # 0.5 CPU cores
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**QoS Classes (determined automatically):**
|
||||
@@ -367,6 +381,7 @@ resources:
|
||||
- First to be evicted
|
||||
|
||||
**Best practices:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Always set requests in production
|
||||
- Set limits to prevent resource monopolization
|
||||
- Memory limits should be 1.5-2x requests
|
||||
@@ -377,6 +392,7 @@ resources:
|
||||
**Probe Types:**
|
||||
|
||||
1. **startupProbe** - For slow-starting applications
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
startupProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
@@ -384,10 +400,11 @@ resources:
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 0
|
||||
periodSeconds: 10
|
||||
failureThreshold: 30 # 5 minutes to start (10s * 30)
|
||||
failureThreshold: 30 # 5 minutes to start (10s * 30)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. **livenessProbe** - Restarts unhealthy containers
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
livenessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
@@ -396,7 +413,7 @@ resources:
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 30
|
||||
periodSeconds: 10
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 5
|
||||
failureThreshold: 3 # Restart after 3 failures
|
||||
failureThreshold: 3 # Restart after 3 failures
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3. **readinessProbe** - Controls traffic routing
|
||||
@@ -407,7 +424,7 @@ resources:
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 5
|
||||
periodSeconds: 5
|
||||
failureThreshold: 3 # Remove from service after 3 failures
|
||||
failureThreshold: 3 # Remove from service after 3 failures
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Probe Mechanisms:**
|
||||
@@ -418,8 +435,8 @@ httpGet:
|
||||
path: /health
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
httpHeaders:
|
||||
- name: Authorization
|
||||
value: Bearer token
|
||||
- name: Authorization
|
||||
value: Bearer token
|
||||
|
||||
# TCP Socket
|
||||
tcpSocket:
|
||||
@@ -428,8 +445,8 @@ tcpSocket:
|
||||
# Command execution
|
||||
exec:
|
||||
command:
|
||||
- cat
|
||||
- /tmp/healthy
|
||||
- cat
|
||||
- /tmp/healthy
|
||||
|
||||
# gRPC (Kubernetes 1.24+)
|
||||
grpc:
|
||||
@@ -448,6 +465,7 @@ grpc:
|
||||
#### Security Context
|
||||
|
||||
**Pod-level security context:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
@@ -461,22 +479,24 @@ spec:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Container-level security context:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
|
||||
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
|
||||
runAsNonRoot: true
|
||||
runAsUser: 1000
|
||||
capabilities:
|
||||
drop:
|
||||
- ALL
|
||||
add:
|
||||
- NET_BIND_SERVICE # Only if needed
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
|
||||
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
|
||||
runAsNonRoot: true
|
||||
runAsUser: 1000
|
||||
capabilities:
|
||||
drop:
|
||||
- ALL
|
||||
add:
|
||||
- NET_BIND_SERVICE # Only if needed
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Security best practices:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Always run as non-root (`runAsNonRoot: true`)
|
||||
- Drop all capabilities and add only needed ones
|
||||
- Use read-only root filesystem when possible
|
||||
@@ -489,35 +509,35 @@ containers:
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
# PersistentVolumeClaim
|
||||
- name: data
|
||||
persistentVolumeClaim:
|
||||
claimName: app-data
|
||||
# PersistentVolumeClaim
|
||||
- name: data
|
||||
persistentVolumeClaim:
|
||||
claimName: app-data
|
||||
|
||||
# ConfigMap
|
||||
- name: config
|
||||
configMap:
|
||||
name: app-config
|
||||
items:
|
||||
- key: app.properties
|
||||
path: application.properties
|
||||
# ConfigMap
|
||||
- name: config
|
||||
configMap:
|
||||
name: app-config
|
||||
items:
|
||||
- key: app.properties
|
||||
path: application.properties
|
||||
|
||||
# Secret
|
||||
- name: secrets
|
||||
secret:
|
||||
secretName: app-secrets
|
||||
defaultMode: 0400
|
||||
# Secret
|
||||
- name: secrets
|
||||
secret:
|
||||
secretName: app-secrets
|
||||
defaultMode: 0400
|
||||
|
||||
# EmptyDir (ephemeral)
|
||||
- name: cache
|
||||
emptyDir:
|
||||
sizeLimit: 1Gi
|
||||
# EmptyDir (ephemeral)
|
||||
- name: cache
|
||||
emptyDir:
|
||||
sizeLimit: 1Gi
|
||||
|
||||
# HostPath (avoid in production)
|
||||
- name: host-data
|
||||
hostPath:
|
||||
path: /data
|
||||
type: DirectoryOrCreate
|
||||
# HostPath (avoid in production)
|
||||
- name: host-data
|
||||
hostPath:
|
||||
path: /data
|
||||
type: DirectoryOrCreate
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Scheduling
|
||||
@@ -535,12 +555,12 @@ affinity:
|
||||
nodeAffinity:
|
||||
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
|
||||
nodeSelectorTerms:
|
||||
- matchExpressions:
|
||||
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
|
||||
operator: In
|
||||
values:
|
||||
- amd64
|
||||
- arm64
|
||||
- matchExpressions:
|
||||
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
|
||||
operator: In
|
||||
values:
|
||||
- amd64
|
||||
- arm64
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Pod Affinity/Anti-Affinity:**
|
||||
@@ -571,14 +591,14 @@ affinity:
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
tolerations:
|
||||
- key: "node.kubernetes.io/unreachable"
|
||||
operator: "Exists"
|
||||
effect: "NoExecute"
|
||||
tolerationSeconds: 30
|
||||
- key: "dedicated"
|
||||
operator: "Equal"
|
||||
value: "database"
|
||||
effect: "NoSchedule"
|
||||
- key: "node.kubernetes.io/unreachable"
|
||||
operator: "Exists"
|
||||
effect: "NoExecute"
|
||||
tolerationSeconds: 30
|
||||
- key: "dedicated"
|
||||
operator: "Equal"
|
||||
value: "database"
|
||||
effect: "NoSchedule"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Common Patterns
|
||||
@@ -598,17 +618,17 @@ spec:
|
||||
affinity:
|
||||
podAntiAffinity:
|
||||
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
|
||||
- labelSelector:
|
||||
matchLabels:
|
||||
app: my-app
|
||||
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
|
||||
- labelSelector:
|
||||
matchLabels:
|
||||
app: my-app
|
||||
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
|
||||
topologySpreadConstraints:
|
||||
- maxSkew: 1
|
||||
topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
|
||||
whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule
|
||||
labelSelector:
|
||||
matchLabels:
|
||||
app: my-app
|
||||
- maxSkew: 1
|
||||
topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
|
||||
whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule
|
||||
labelSelector:
|
||||
matchLabels:
|
||||
app: my-app
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Sidecar Container Pattern
|
||||
@@ -618,20 +638,20 @@ spec:
|
||||
template:
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
image: myapp:1.0.0
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: shared-logs
|
||||
mountPath: /var/log
|
||||
- name: log-forwarder
|
||||
image: fluent-bit:2.0
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: shared-logs
|
||||
mountPath: /var/log
|
||||
readOnly: true
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
image: myapp:1.0.0
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: shared-logs
|
||||
mountPath: /var/log
|
||||
- name: log-forwarder
|
||||
image: fluent-bit:2.0
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: shared-logs
|
||||
mountPath: /var/log
|
||||
readOnly: true
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
- name: shared-logs
|
||||
emptyDir: {}
|
||||
- name: shared-logs
|
||||
emptyDir: {}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Init Container for Dependencies
|
||||
@@ -641,28 +661,28 @@ spec:
|
||||
template:
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
initContainers:
|
||||
- name: wait-for-db
|
||||
image: busybox:1.36
|
||||
command:
|
||||
- sh
|
||||
- -c
|
||||
- |
|
||||
until nc -z database-service 5432; do
|
||||
echo "Waiting for database..."
|
||||
sleep 2
|
||||
done
|
||||
- name: run-migrations
|
||||
image: myapp:1.0.0
|
||||
command: ["./migrate", "up"]
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name: DATABASE_URL
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
secretKeyRef:
|
||||
name: db-credentials
|
||||
key: url
|
||||
- name: wait-for-db
|
||||
image: busybox:1.36
|
||||
command:
|
||||
- sh
|
||||
- -c
|
||||
- |
|
||||
until nc -z database-service 5432; do
|
||||
echo "Waiting for database..."
|
||||
sleep 2
|
||||
done
|
||||
- name: run-migrations
|
||||
image: myapp:1.0.0
|
||||
command: ["./migrate", "up"]
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name: DATABASE_URL
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
secretKeyRef:
|
||||
name: db-credentials
|
||||
key: url
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
image: myapp:1.0.0
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
image: myapp:1.0.0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Best Practices
|
||||
@@ -685,6 +705,7 @@ spec:
|
||||
### Performance Tuning
|
||||
|
||||
**Fast startup:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
minReadySeconds: 5
|
||||
@@ -695,6 +716,7 @@ spec:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Zero-downtime updates:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
minReadySeconds: 10
|
||||
@@ -705,17 +727,18 @@ spec:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Graceful shutdown:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
template:
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
lifecycle:
|
||||
preStop:
|
||||
exec:
|
||||
command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep 15 && kill -SIGTERM 1"]
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
lifecycle:
|
||||
preStop:
|
||||
exec:
|
||||
command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep 15 && kill -SIGTERM 1"]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Troubleshooting
|
||||
@@ -723,6 +746,7 @@ spec:
|
||||
### Common Issues
|
||||
|
||||
**Pods not starting:**
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl describe deployment <name>
|
||||
kubectl get pods -l app=<app-name>
|
||||
@@ -731,17 +755,20 @@ kubectl logs <pod-name>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**ImagePullBackOff:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Check image name and tag
|
||||
- Verify imagePullSecrets
|
||||
- Check registry credentials
|
||||
|
||||
**CrashLoopBackOff:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Check container logs
|
||||
- Verify liveness probe is not too aggressive
|
||||
- Check resource limits
|
||||
- Verify application dependencies
|
||||
|
||||
**Deployment stuck in progress:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Check progressDeadlineSeconds
|
||||
- Verify readiness probes
|
||||
- Check resource availability
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -23,14 +23,15 @@ spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: backend
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: 8080
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: 8080
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
sessionAffinity: None
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Use cases:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Internal microservice communication
|
||||
- Database services
|
||||
- Internal APIs
|
||||
@@ -50,19 +51,21 @@ spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: frontend
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: 8080
|
||||
nodePort: 30080 # Optional, auto-assigned if omitted
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: 8080
|
||||
nodePort: 30080 # Optional, auto-assigned if omitted
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Use cases:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Development/testing external access
|
||||
- Small deployments without load balancer
|
||||
- Direct node access requirements
|
||||
|
||||
**Limitations:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Limited port range (30000-32767)
|
||||
- Must handle node failures
|
||||
- No built-in load balancing across nodes
|
||||
@@ -84,20 +87,21 @@ spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: api
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: https
|
||||
port: 443
|
||||
targetPort: 8443
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: https
|
||||
port: 443
|
||||
targetPort: 8443
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
loadBalancerSourceRanges:
|
||||
- 203.0.113.0/24
|
||||
- 203.0.113.0/24
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Cloud-specific annotations:**
|
||||
|
||||
**AWS:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: "nlb" # or "external"
|
||||
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: "nlb" # or "external"
|
||||
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-scheme: "internet-facing"
|
||||
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-cross-zone-load-balancing-enabled: "true"
|
||||
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-ssl-cert: "arn:aws:acm:..."
|
||||
@@ -105,6 +109,7 @@ annotations:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Azure:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-load-balancer-internal: "true"
|
||||
@@ -112,6 +117,7 @@ annotations:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**GCP:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
cloud.google.com/load-balancer-type: "Internal"
|
||||
@@ -131,10 +137,11 @@ spec:
|
||||
type: ExternalName
|
||||
externalName: db.external.example.com
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- port: 5432
|
||||
- port: 5432
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Use cases:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Accessing external services
|
||||
- Service migration scenarios
|
||||
- Multi-cluster service references
|
||||
@@ -164,10 +171,10 @@ spec:
|
||||
|
||||
# Ports configuration
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80 # Service port
|
||||
targetPort: 8080 # Container port (or named port)
|
||||
protocol: TCP # TCP, UDP, or SCTP
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80 # Service port
|
||||
targetPort: 8080 # Container port (or named port)
|
||||
protocol: TCP # TCP, UDP, or SCTP
|
||||
|
||||
# Session affinity
|
||||
sessionAffinity: ClientIP
|
||||
@@ -176,11 +183,11 @@ spec:
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 10800
|
||||
|
||||
# IP configuration
|
||||
clusterIP: 10.0.0.10 # Optional: specific IP
|
||||
clusterIP: 10.0.0.10 # Optional: specific IP
|
||||
clusterIPs:
|
||||
- 10.0.0.10
|
||||
- 10.0.0.10
|
||||
ipFamilies:
|
||||
- IPv4
|
||||
- IPv4
|
||||
ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
|
||||
|
||||
# External traffic policy
|
||||
@@ -195,11 +202,11 @@ spec:
|
||||
# Load balancer config (for type: LoadBalancer)
|
||||
loadBalancerIP: 203.0.113.100
|
||||
loadBalancerSourceRanges:
|
||||
- 203.0.113.0/24
|
||||
- 203.0.113.0/24
|
||||
|
||||
# External IPs
|
||||
externalIPs:
|
||||
- 80.11.12.10
|
||||
- 80.11.12.10
|
||||
|
||||
# Publishing strategy
|
||||
publishNotReadyAddresses: false
|
||||
@@ -212,29 +219,31 @@ spec:
|
||||
Use named ports in Pods for flexibility:
|
||||
|
||||
**Deployment:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
template:
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
containerPort: 8080
|
||||
- name: metrics
|
||||
containerPort: 9090
|
||||
- name: app
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
containerPort: 8080
|
||||
- name: metrics
|
||||
containerPort: 9090
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Service:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: http # References named port
|
||||
- name: metrics
|
||||
port: 9090
|
||||
targetPort: metrics
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: http # References named port
|
||||
- name: metrics
|
||||
port: 9090
|
||||
targetPort: metrics
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Multiple Ports
|
||||
@@ -242,18 +251,18 @@ spec:
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: 8080
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: https
|
||||
port: 443
|
||||
targetPort: 8443
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: grpc
|
||||
port: 9090
|
||||
targetPort: 9090
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: 8080
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: https
|
||||
port: 443
|
||||
targetPort: 8443
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: grpc
|
||||
port: 9090
|
||||
targetPort: 9090
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Session Affinity
|
||||
@@ -276,10 +285,11 @@ spec:
|
||||
sessionAffinity: ClientIP
|
||||
sessionAffinityConfig:
|
||||
clientIP:
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 10800 # 3 hours
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 10800 # 3 hours
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Use cases:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Stateful applications
|
||||
- Session-based applications
|
||||
- WebSocket connections
|
||||
@@ -289,19 +299,23 @@ spec:
|
||||
### External Traffic Policy
|
||||
|
||||
**Cluster (Default):**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Load balances across all nodes
|
||||
- May add extra network hop
|
||||
- Source IP is masked
|
||||
|
||||
**Local:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
externalTrafficPolicy: Local
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Traffic goes only to pods on receiving node
|
||||
- Preserves client source IP
|
||||
- Better performance (no extra hop)
|
||||
@@ -311,7 +325,7 @@ spec:
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
internalTrafficPolicy: Local # or Cluster
|
||||
internalTrafficPolicy: Local # or Cluster
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Controls traffic routing for cluster-internal clients.
|
||||
@@ -326,21 +340,23 @@ kind: Service
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: database
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
clusterIP: None # Headless
|
||||
clusterIP: None # Headless
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: database
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- port: 5432
|
||||
targetPort: 5432
|
||||
- port: 5432
|
||||
targetPort: 5432
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Use cases:**
|
||||
|
||||
- StatefulSet pod discovery
|
||||
- Direct pod-to-pod communication
|
||||
- Custom load balancing
|
||||
- Database clusters
|
||||
|
||||
**DNS returns:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Individual pod IPs instead of service IP
|
||||
- Format: `<pod-name>.<service-name>.<namespace>.svc.cluster.local`
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -349,21 +365,25 @@ spec:
|
||||
### DNS
|
||||
|
||||
**ClusterIP Service:**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
<service-name>.<namespace>.svc.cluster.local
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl http://backend-service.production.svc.cluster.local
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Within same namespace:**
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl http://backend-service
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Headless Service (returns pod IPs):**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
<pod-name>.<service-name>.<namespace>.svc.cluster.local
|
||||
```
|
||||
@@ -390,6 +410,7 @@ BACKEND_SERVICE_SERVICE_PORT_HTTP=80
|
||||
Kubernetes uses random selection by default. For advanced load balancing:
|
||||
|
||||
**Service Mesh (Istio example):**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
|
||||
kind: DestinationRule
|
||||
@@ -399,7 +420,7 @@ spec:
|
||||
host: my-service
|
||||
trafficPolicy:
|
||||
loadBalancer:
|
||||
simple: LEAST_REQUEST # or ROUND_ROBIN, RANDOM, PASSTHROUGH
|
||||
simple: LEAST_REQUEST # or ROUND_ROBIN, RANDOM, PASSTHROUGH
|
||||
connectionPool:
|
||||
tcp:
|
||||
maxConnections: 100
|
||||
@@ -432,25 +453,25 @@ metadata:
|
||||
name: my-service
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
hosts:
|
||||
- my-service
|
||||
- my-service
|
||||
http:
|
||||
- match:
|
||||
- headers:
|
||||
version:
|
||||
exact: v2
|
||||
route:
|
||||
- destination:
|
||||
host: my-service
|
||||
subset: v2
|
||||
- route:
|
||||
- destination:
|
||||
host: my-service
|
||||
subset: v1
|
||||
weight: 90
|
||||
- destination:
|
||||
host: my-service
|
||||
subset: v2
|
||||
weight: 10
|
||||
- match:
|
||||
- headers:
|
||||
version:
|
||||
exact: v2
|
||||
route:
|
||||
- destination:
|
||||
host: my-service
|
||||
subset: v2
|
||||
- route:
|
||||
- destination:
|
||||
host: my-service
|
||||
subset: v1
|
||||
weight: 90
|
||||
- destination:
|
||||
host: my-service
|
||||
subset: v2
|
||||
weight: 10
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Common Patterns
|
||||
@@ -471,14 +492,14 @@ spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: user-service
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
targetPort: http
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: grpc
|
||||
port: 9090
|
||||
targetPort: grpc
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
targetPort: http
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: grpc
|
||||
port: 9090
|
||||
targetPort: grpc
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Pattern 2: Public API with Load Balancer
|
||||
@@ -497,12 +518,12 @@ spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: api-gateway
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: https
|
||||
port: 443
|
||||
targetPort: 8443
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: https
|
||||
port: 443
|
||||
targetPort: 8443
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
loadBalancerSourceRanges:
|
||||
- 0.0.0.0/0
|
||||
- 0.0.0.0/0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Pattern 3: StatefulSet with Headless Service
|
||||
@@ -517,8 +538,8 @@ spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: cassandra
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- port: 9042
|
||||
targetPort: 9042
|
||||
- port: 9042
|
||||
targetPort: 9042
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: apps/v1
|
||||
kind: StatefulSet
|
||||
@@ -536,8 +557,8 @@ spec:
|
||||
app: cassandra
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: cassandra
|
||||
image: cassandra:4.0
|
||||
- name: cassandra
|
||||
image: cassandra:4.0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Pattern 4: External Service Mapping
|
||||
@@ -558,19 +579,19 @@ metadata:
|
||||
name: external-api
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- port: 443
|
||||
targetPort: 443
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- port: 443
|
||||
targetPort: 443
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: Endpoints
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: external-api
|
||||
subsets:
|
||||
- addresses:
|
||||
- ip: 203.0.113.100
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- port: 443
|
||||
- addresses:
|
||||
- ip: 203.0.113.100
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- port: 443
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Pattern 5: Multi-Port Service with Metrics
|
||||
@@ -589,12 +610,12 @@ spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
app: web-app
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: 8080
|
||||
- name: metrics
|
||||
port: 9090
|
||||
targetPort: 9090
|
||||
- name: http
|
||||
port: 80
|
||||
targetPort: 8080
|
||||
- name: metrics
|
||||
port: 9090
|
||||
targetPort: 9090
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Network Policies
|
||||
@@ -611,15 +632,15 @@ spec:
|
||||
matchLabels:
|
||||
app: backend
|
||||
policyTypes:
|
||||
- Ingress
|
||||
- Ingress
|
||||
ingress:
|
||||
- from:
|
||||
- podSelector:
|
||||
matchLabels:
|
||||
app: frontend
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- protocol: TCP
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
- from:
|
||||
- podSelector:
|
||||
matchLabels:
|
||||
app: frontend
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- protocol: TCP
|
||||
port: 8080
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Best Practices
|
||||
@@ -651,6 +672,7 @@ spec:
|
||||
### Performance Tuning
|
||||
|
||||
**For high traffic:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
externalTrafficPolicy: Local
|
||||
@@ -661,12 +683,13 @@ spec:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**For WebSocket/long connections:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
sessionAffinity: ClientIP
|
||||
sessionAffinityConfig:
|
||||
clientIP:
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 86400 # 24 hours
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 86400 # 24 hours
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Troubleshooting
|
||||
@@ -688,6 +711,7 @@ kubectl get pods -l app=<app-name>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Common issues:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Selector doesn't match pod labels
|
||||
- No pods running (endpoints empty)
|
||||
- Ports misconfigured
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user