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style: format all files with prettier
This commit is contained in:
Seth Hobson
@@ -23,14 +23,15 @@ spec:
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selector:
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app: backend
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ports:
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- name: http
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port: 80
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targetPort: 8080
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protocol: TCP
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- name: http
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port: 80
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targetPort: 8080
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protocol: TCP
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sessionAffinity: None
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```
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**Use cases:**
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- Internal microservice communication
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- Database services
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- Internal APIs
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@@ -50,19 +51,21 @@ spec:
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selector:
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app: frontend
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ports:
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- name: http
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port: 80
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targetPort: 8080
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nodePort: 30080 # Optional, auto-assigned if omitted
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protocol: TCP
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- name: http
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port: 80
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targetPort: 8080
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nodePort: 30080 # Optional, auto-assigned if omitted
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protocol: TCP
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```
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**Use cases:**
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- Development/testing external access
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- Small deployments without load balancer
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- Direct node access requirements
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**Limitations:**
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- Limited port range (30000-32767)
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- Must handle node failures
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- No built-in load balancing across nodes
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@@ -84,20 +87,21 @@ spec:
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selector:
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app: api
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ports:
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- name: https
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port: 443
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targetPort: 8443
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protocol: TCP
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- name: https
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port: 443
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targetPort: 8443
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protocol: TCP
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loadBalancerSourceRanges:
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- 203.0.113.0/24
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- 203.0.113.0/24
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```
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**Cloud-specific annotations:**
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**AWS:**
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```yaml
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annotations:
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service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: "nlb" # or "external"
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service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: "nlb" # or "external"
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service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-scheme: "internet-facing"
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service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-cross-zone-load-balancing-enabled: "true"
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service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-ssl-cert: "arn:aws:acm:..."
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@@ -105,6 +109,7 @@ annotations:
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```
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**Azure:**
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```yaml
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annotations:
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service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-load-balancer-internal: "true"
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@@ -112,6 +117,7 @@ annotations:
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```
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**GCP:**
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```yaml
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annotations:
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cloud.google.com/load-balancer-type: "Internal"
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@@ -131,10 +137,11 @@ spec:
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type: ExternalName
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externalName: db.external.example.com
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ports:
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- port: 5432
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- port: 5432
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```
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**Use cases:**
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- Accessing external services
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- Service migration scenarios
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- Multi-cluster service references
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@@ -164,10 +171,10 @@ spec:
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# Ports configuration
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ports:
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- name: http
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port: 80 # Service port
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targetPort: 8080 # Container port (or named port)
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protocol: TCP # TCP, UDP, or SCTP
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- name: http
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port: 80 # Service port
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targetPort: 8080 # Container port (or named port)
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protocol: TCP # TCP, UDP, or SCTP
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# Session affinity
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sessionAffinity: ClientIP
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@@ -176,11 +183,11 @@ spec:
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timeoutSeconds: 10800
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# IP configuration
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clusterIP: 10.0.0.10 # Optional: specific IP
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clusterIP: 10.0.0.10 # Optional: specific IP
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clusterIPs:
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- 10.0.0.10
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- 10.0.0.10
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ipFamilies:
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- IPv4
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- IPv4
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ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
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# External traffic policy
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@@ -195,11 +202,11 @@ spec:
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# Load balancer config (for type: LoadBalancer)
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loadBalancerIP: 203.0.113.100
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loadBalancerSourceRanges:
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- 203.0.113.0/24
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- 203.0.113.0/24
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# External IPs
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externalIPs:
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- 80.11.12.10
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- 80.11.12.10
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# Publishing strategy
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publishNotReadyAddresses: false
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@@ -212,29 +219,31 @@ spec:
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Use named ports in Pods for flexibility:
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**Deployment:**
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```yaml
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spec:
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template:
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: app
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ports:
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- name: http
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containerPort: 8080
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- name: metrics
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containerPort: 9090
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- name: app
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ports:
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- name: http
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containerPort: 8080
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- name: metrics
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containerPort: 9090
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```
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**Service:**
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```yaml
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spec:
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ports:
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- name: http
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port: 80
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targetPort: http # References named port
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- name: metrics
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port: 9090
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targetPort: metrics
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- name: http
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port: 80
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targetPort: http # References named port
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- name: metrics
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port: 9090
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targetPort: metrics
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```
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### Multiple Ports
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@@ -242,18 +251,18 @@ spec:
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```yaml
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spec:
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ports:
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- name: http
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port: 80
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targetPort: 8080
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protocol: TCP
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- name: https
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port: 443
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targetPort: 8443
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protocol: TCP
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- name: grpc
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port: 9090
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targetPort: 9090
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protocol: TCP
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- name: http
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port: 80
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targetPort: 8080
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protocol: TCP
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- name: https
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port: 443
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targetPort: 8443
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protocol: TCP
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- name: grpc
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port: 9090
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targetPort: 9090
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protocol: TCP
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```
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## Session Affinity
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@@ -276,10 +285,11 @@ spec:
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sessionAffinity: ClientIP
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sessionAffinityConfig:
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clientIP:
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timeoutSeconds: 10800 # 3 hours
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timeoutSeconds: 10800 # 3 hours
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```
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**Use cases:**
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- Stateful applications
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- Session-based applications
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- WebSocket connections
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@@ -289,19 +299,23 @@ spec:
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### External Traffic Policy
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**Cluster (Default):**
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```yaml
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spec:
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externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
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```
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- Load balances across all nodes
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- May add extra network hop
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- Source IP is masked
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**Local:**
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```yaml
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spec:
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externalTrafficPolicy: Local
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```
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- Traffic goes only to pods on receiving node
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- Preserves client source IP
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- Better performance (no extra hop)
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@@ -311,7 +325,7 @@ spec:
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```yaml
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spec:
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internalTrafficPolicy: Local # or Cluster
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internalTrafficPolicy: Local # or Cluster
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```
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Controls traffic routing for cluster-internal clients.
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@@ -326,21 +340,23 @@ kind: Service
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metadata:
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name: database
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spec:
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clusterIP: None # Headless
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clusterIP: None # Headless
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selector:
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app: database
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ports:
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- port: 5432
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targetPort: 5432
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- port: 5432
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targetPort: 5432
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```
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**Use cases:**
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- StatefulSet pod discovery
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- Direct pod-to-pod communication
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- Custom load balancing
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- Database clusters
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**DNS returns:**
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- Individual pod IPs instead of service IP
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- Format: `<pod-name>.<service-name>.<namespace>.svc.cluster.local`
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@@ -349,21 +365,25 @@ spec:
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### DNS
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**ClusterIP Service:**
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```
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<service-name>.<namespace>.svc.cluster.local
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```
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Example:
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```bash
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curl http://backend-service.production.svc.cluster.local
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```
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**Within same namespace:**
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```bash
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curl http://backend-service
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```
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**Headless Service (returns pod IPs):**
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```
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<pod-name>.<service-name>.<namespace>.svc.cluster.local
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```
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@@ -390,6 +410,7 @@ BACKEND_SERVICE_SERVICE_PORT_HTTP=80
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Kubernetes uses random selection by default. For advanced load balancing:
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**Service Mesh (Istio example):**
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```yaml
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apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
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kind: DestinationRule
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@@ -399,7 +420,7 @@ spec:
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host: my-service
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trafficPolicy:
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loadBalancer:
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simple: LEAST_REQUEST # or ROUND_ROBIN, RANDOM, PASSTHROUGH
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simple: LEAST_REQUEST # or ROUND_ROBIN, RANDOM, PASSTHROUGH
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connectionPool:
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tcp:
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maxConnections: 100
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@@ -432,25 +453,25 @@ metadata:
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name: my-service
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spec:
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hosts:
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- my-service
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- my-service
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http:
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- match:
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- headers:
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version:
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exact: v2
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route:
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- destination:
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host: my-service
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subset: v2
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- route:
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- destination:
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host: my-service
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subset: v1
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weight: 90
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- destination:
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host: my-service
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subset: v2
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weight: 10
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- match:
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- headers:
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version:
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exact: v2
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route:
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- destination:
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host: my-service
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subset: v2
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- route:
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- destination:
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host: my-service
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subset: v1
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weight: 90
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- destination:
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host: my-service
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subset: v2
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weight: 10
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```
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## Common Patterns
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@@ -471,14 +492,14 @@ spec:
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selector:
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app: user-service
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ports:
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- name: http
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port: 8080
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targetPort: http
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protocol: TCP
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- name: grpc
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port: 9090
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targetPort: grpc
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protocol: TCP
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- name: http
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port: 8080
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targetPort: http
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protocol: TCP
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- name: grpc
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port: 9090
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targetPort: grpc
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protocol: TCP
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```
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### Pattern 2: Public API with Load Balancer
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@@ -497,12 +518,12 @@ spec:
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selector:
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app: api-gateway
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ports:
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- name: https
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port: 443
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targetPort: 8443
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protocol: TCP
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- name: https
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port: 443
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targetPort: 8443
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protocol: TCP
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loadBalancerSourceRanges:
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- 0.0.0.0/0
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- 0.0.0.0/0
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```
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### Pattern 3: StatefulSet with Headless Service
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@@ -517,8 +538,8 @@ spec:
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selector:
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app: cassandra
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ports:
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- port: 9042
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targetPort: 9042
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- port: 9042
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targetPort: 9042
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---
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apiVersion: apps/v1
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kind: StatefulSet
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@@ -536,8 +557,8 @@ spec:
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app: cassandra
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: cassandra
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image: cassandra:4.0
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- name: cassandra
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image: cassandra:4.0
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```
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### Pattern 4: External Service Mapping
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@@ -558,19 +579,19 @@ metadata:
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name: external-api
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spec:
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ports:
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- port: 443
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targetPort: 443
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protocol: TCP
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- port: 443
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targetPort: 443
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protocol: TCP
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---
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Endpoints
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metadata:
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name: external-api
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subsets:
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- addresses:
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- ip: 203.0.113.100
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ports:
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- port: 443
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- addresses:
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- ip: 203.0.113.100
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ports:
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- port: 443
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```
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### Pattern 5: Multi-Port Service with Metrics
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@@ -589,12 +610,12 @@ spec:
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selector:
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app: web-app
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ports:
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- name: http
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port: 80
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targetPort: 8080
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- name: metrics
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port: 9090
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targetPort: 9090
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- name: http
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port: 80
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targetPort: 8080
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- name: metrics
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port: 9090
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targetPort: 9090
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```
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## Network Policies
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||||
@@ -611,15 +632,15 @@ spec:
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matchLabels:
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app: backend
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policyTypes:
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- Ingress
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- Ingress
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ingress:
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||||
- from:
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- podSelector:
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matchLabels:
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app: frontend
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ports:
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- protocol: TCP
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port: 8080
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- from:
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- podSelector:
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matchLabels:
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app: frontend
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ports:
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- protocol: TCP
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port: 8080
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```
|
||||
|
||||
## Best Practices
|
||||
@@ -651,6 +672,7 @@ spec:
|
||||
### Performance Tuning
|
||||
|
||||
**For high traffic:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
externalTrafficPolicy: Local
|
||||
@@ -661,12 +683,13 @@ spec:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**For WebSocket/long connections:**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
sessionAffinity: ClientIP
|
||||
sessionAffinityConfig:
|
||||
clientIP:
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 86400 # 24 hours
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 86400 # 24 hours
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Troubleshooting
|
||||
@@ -688,6 +711,7 @@ kubectl get pods -l app=<app-name>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Common issues:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Selector doesn't match pod labels
|
||||
- No pods running (endpoints empty)
|
||||
- Ports misconfigured
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user